Mailing List juga sering diistilahkan sebagai milis, yaitu sebuah alamat email yang digunakan oleh sekelompok pengguna internet untuk melakukan kegiatan tukar menukar informasi. Setiap pesan yang dikirimkan ke alamat sebuah milis, secara otomatis akan diteruskan ke alamat email seluruh anggotanya. Milis umumnya dimanfaatkan sebagai sarana diskusi atau pertukaran informasi diantara para anggotanya.
Pengelompokan alamat e-mail. Artinya, apabila suatu surat dikirimkan ke alamat ini, maka secara otomatis sistem akan mengirimkannya kepada alamat-alamat yang telah didaftarkan dalam database mesin tersebut, dengan adanya mailing list ini, apabila satu surat ingin dikirimkan ke beberapa orang, maka cukup dikirimkan ke mailing list. Metode pengiriman email juga dapat diset apakah setiap email yang dikirimkan oleh anggota dapat diterima atau cukup diterima sekaligus (digest).
Pengaturan diskusi melalui mailing list ini dapat diset dalam bentuk moderated atau unmoderated tergantung siapa saja yang boleh berkomentar dan ikut berdiskusi. Pengaturan diskusi dilakukan oleh seorang moderator.
Internet forum
An Internet forum, or message board, is an online discussion site where people can hold
conversations in the form of posted messages.[1] They
differ from chat rooms in
that messages are at least temporarily archived. Also, depending on the access
level of a user or the forum set-up, a posted message might need to be approved
by a moderator before it becomes visible.
Forums have a specific set of jargon
associated with them; e.g. a single conversation is called a "thread".
A discussion forum is hierarchical or
tree-like in structure: a forum can contain a number of subforums, each of
which may have several topics. Within a forum's topic, each new discussion
started is called a thread, and can be replied to by as many people as so wish.
Depending on the forum's settings, users
can be anonymous or have to register with the forum and then subsequently log in in order to post messages. On most
forums, users do not have to log in to read existing messages.
History
The modern forum originated from bulletin boards, and are a technological evolution of the
dialup bulletin board system.[2][3] From a
technological standpoint, forums or boards are web applicationsmanaging user-generated content.[3][4]
Early Internet forums could be described
as a web version of an electronic mailing
list or newsgroup (such as exist on Usenet);
allowing people to post messages and comment on other messages. Later
developments emulated the different newsgroups or individual lists, providing
more than one forum, dedicated to a particular topic.[2]
Internet forums are prevalent in several developed countries. Japan posts the most with over two
million per day on their largest forum, 2channel.
China also has many millions of posts on forums such as Tianya Club.
Forums perform a function similar to
that of dial-up bulletin board systems and Usenet networks that were first created
starting in the late 1970s.[2] Early
web-based forums date back as far as 1994, with the WIT[5] project
from W3 Consortium and starting from this time, many alternatives were created.[6] A
sense of virtual community often
develops around forums that have regular users. Technology, video games, sports, music, fashion, religion,
and politics are popular areas for forum themes,
but there are forums for a huge number of topics. Internet slang and image macros popular
across the Internet are abundant and widely used in Internet forums.
Forum software packages are widely
available on the Internet and are written in a variety of programming languages, such as PHP, Perl, Java and ASP. The configuration and records of
posts can be stored in text files or in
a database.
Each package offers different features, from the most basic, providing
text-only postings, to more advanced packages, offering multimedia support
and formatting code (usually known as BBCode).
Many packages can be integrated easily into an existing website to allow
visitors to post comments on articles.
Several other web applications, such as weblog software, also incorporate forum
features. Wordpress comments at the bottom of a blog post allow for a single-threaded
discussion of any given blog post. Slashcode,
on the other hand, is far more complicated, allowing fully threaded discussions
and incorporating a robust moderation and meta-moderation system as well as
many of the profile features available to forum users.
Some stand alone threads on forums have
reached fame and notability such as the "I am lonely
will anyone speak to me" thread on MovieCodec.com's forums,
which was described as the "web's top hangout for lonely folk" by
Wired Magazine.[7]
Forum structure
A forum consists of a tree like
directory structure. The top end is "Categories". A forum can be
divided into categories for the relevant discussions. Under the categories are
sub-forums and these sub-forums can further have more sub-forums. The topics (commonly called threads) come under the lowest
level of sub-forums and these are the places under which members can start
their discussions or posts.
Logically forums are organized into a finite set of generic topics (usually
with one main topic) driven and updated by a group known as members, and governed by a
group known as moderators.[citation
needed] It
can also have a graph structure.[8] All
message boards will use one of three possible display formats. Each of the
three basic message board display formats: Non-Threaded/Semi-Threaded/Fully
Threaded, has its own advantages and disadvantages. If messages are not related
to one another at all a Non-Threaded format is best. If a user has a message
topic and multiple replies to that message topic a semi-threaded format is
best. If a user has a message topic and replies to that message topic, and
replies to replies, then a fully threaded format is best.[9]
[edit]User groups
Internally, Western-style forums
organize visitors and logged in members into user groups. Privileges and rights
are given based on these groups. A user of the forum can automatically be
promoted to a more privileged user group based on criteria set by the
administrator.[10] A
person viewing a closed thread as a member will see a box saying he does not have
the right to submit messages there, but a moderator will likely see the same box granting
him access to more than just posting messages.[11]
An unregistered user of the site is
commonly known as a guest or visitor.
Guests are typically granted access to all functions that do not require
database alterations or breach privacy. A guest can usually view the contents
of the forum or use such features as read
marking, but occasionally an administrator will disallow visitors to read
their forum as an incentive to become a registered member.[note 1] A
person who is a very frequent visitor of the forum, a section or even a thread
is referred to as a lurker and the habit is referred to as lurking. Registered members
often will refer to themselves as lurking in a particular location, which is to
say they have no intention of participating in that section but enjoy reading
the contributions to it.
Moderators
The moderators (short singular form: "mod")
are users (or employees) of the forum who are granted access to the posts and threads of all members for the purpose of moderating discussion(similar
to arbitration) and also keeping the forum clean (neutralizing spam and spambots etc.).[12] Because
they have access to all posts and threads in their area of responsibility, it
is common for a friend of the site owner to be promoted to moderator for such a
task. Moderators also answer users' concerns about the forum, general
questions, as well as respond to specific complaints. They also can do anything
to lend a helping hand to a user in need.[13] Moderators
themselves may have ranks: some may be given mod privileges over only a
particular topic or section (called "local"), while others (called
"global" or "super") may be allowed access anywhere. Common
privileges of moderators include: deleting, merging, moving, and splitting of
posts and threads, locking, renaming, stickying of threads, banning,
suspending, unsuspending, unbanning, warning the members, or adding, editing,
removing the polls of threads.[14] "Junior
Modding", "Backseat Modding", or "Forum copping" can
refer negatively to the behavior of ordinary users who take a moderator-like
tone in criticizing other members.
Essentially, it is the duty of the
moderator to manage the day-to-day affairs of a forum or board as it applies to
the stream of user contributions and interactions. The relative effectiveness
of this user management directly impacts the quality of a forum in general, its
appeal, and its usefulness as a community of interrelated users.
Moderators also have categories e.g.
"Global Moderators" and just "Moderators". Global
moderators have the rights to moderate the complete forum while moderators can
be assigned only to the sub-forum.[15]
Administrator
The administrators (short form: "admin") manage
the technical details required for running the site. As such, they may promote
(and demote) members to/from moderators,
manage the rules, create sections and sub-sections, as well as perform any database operations (database
backup etc.).
Administrators often also act as moderators.
Administrators may also make forum-wide announcements, or change the appearance
(known as the skin) of a forum. There are also many forums where administrators
share their knowledge like AdminForum.[14]
Post
A post is a user-submitted message enclosed
into a block containing the user's details and the date and time it was
submitted. Members are usually allowed to edit or delete their own posts. Posts
are contained in threads, where they appear as boxes one after another. The
first post starts the thread; this may be called the TS (thread starter) or OP
(original post). Posts that follow in the thread are meant to continue
discussion about that post, or respond to other replies; it is not uncommon for
discussions to be derailed.
On Western forums, the classic way to
show a member's own details (such as name and avatar) has been on the left side
of the post, in a narrow column of fixed width, with the post controls located
on the right, at the bottom of the main body, above the signature block. In
more recent forum software implementations the Asian style of displaying the
members' details above the post has been copied.
Posts have an internal limit usually
measured in characters. Often one is required to have a message of minimum
length of 10 characters. There is always an upper limit but it is rarely
reached – most boards have it at either 10,000, 20,000, 30,000, or 50,000
characters.
Most forums keep track of a user's
postcount. The postcount is a measurement of how many posts a certain user has
made.[16] Users
with higher postcounts are often considered more reputable than users with
lower postcounts. Some forums have disabled postcounts in the hopes that doing
so will reduce the emphasis on quantity over quality of information.
]Thread
See also: conversation threading
A thread (sometimes called a topic) is a collection of
posts, usually displayed from oldest to latest, although this is typically
configurable: Options for newest to oldest and for a threaded view (a tree-like
view applying logical reply structure before chronological order) can be
available. A
thread is defined by a title, an additional description that may summarize the
intended discussion, and an opening or original post (common abbreviation OP, which can also mean original poster), which opens
whatever dialogue or makes whatever announcement the poster wished. A thread
can contain any number of posts, including multiple posts from the same
members, even if they are one after the other.
A thread is contained in a forum, and
may have an associated date that is taken as the date of the last post (options
to order threads by other criteria are generally available). When a member
posts in a thread it will jump to the top since it is the latest updated
thread. Similarly, other threads will jump in front of it when they receive
posts. When a member posts in a thread for no reason but to have it go to the
top, it is referred to as a bump or bumping.
Threads that are important but rarely receive posts are stickyed (or, in some software,
"pinned"). A sticky
thread will always appear in
front of normal threads, often in its own section. A "threaded discussion
group" is simply any group of individuals who use a forum for threaded, or
asynchronous, discussion purposes. The group may or may not be the only users
of the forum.
A thread's popularity is measured on
forums in reply (total posts minus one, the opening post, in most default forum
settings) counts. Some forums also track page views. Threads meeting a set
number of posts or a set number of views may receive a designation such as
"hot thread" and be displayed with a different icon compared to other
threads. This icon may stand out more to emphasize the thread. If the forum's
users have lost interest in a particular thread, it becomes a dead thread.
Thread (viewing as moderator)
|
Forum (viewing as moderator)
|
Forum (Fully Threaded display format)
|
Discussion
Forums prefer a premise of open and free
discussion and often adopt de facto standards. Most common topics on forums include
questions, comparisons, polls of opinion as well as debates. It is not uncommon
for nonsense or unsocial behavior to sprout as people lose temper, especially
if the topic is controversial. Poor understanding of differences in values of
the participants is a common problem on forums. Because replies to a topic are
often worded aimed at someone's point of view, discussion will usually go
slightly off into several directions as people question each other's validity,
sources and so on. Circular discussion and ambiguity in replies can extend for
several tens of posts of a thread eventually ending when everyone gives up or
attention spans waver and a more interesting subject takes over. It is not
uncommon for debate to end in ad hominem attacks.
Liabilities
of forum owners and moderators
Several lawsuits have been brought against the forums
and moderators claiming libel and damage. A recent case is the scubaboard
lawsuit where a
business in the Maldives filed a suit against scubaboard for libel and
defamation in January 2010.
For the most part, though, forum owners
and moderators in the United States are protected by Section 230
of the Communications Decency Act, which states that "[n]o
provider or user of an interactive computer service shall be treated as the
publisher or speaker of any information provided by another information content
provider."
Perbedaan Mailing List
Dengan Forum Online
Halo lagi agan-agan
Sekarang saya akan menjelaskan tentang perbedaan
Mailing list dengan Forum Online
Milis (bahasa Inggris: mailing list)
adalah grup diskusi
di Internet di mana setiap
orang bisa berlangganan dan berikutserta didalamnya. Anggota milis dapat
membaca surat dari orang lain dan kemudian mengirimkan balasannya. Secara
sederhana, milis adalah sebuah daftar alamat surat elektronik yang mempunyai
kepentingan yang sama.Cth: Yahoo Group
Forum
online adalah tempat untuk berdiskusi.Sebenarnya forum online adalah pengembangan dari Mailist yang sudah disempurnakan. Disini anda bisa melihat susunan yang lebih Rapih. Terdapat Category,Thread,Post dll. Di Forum online juga sudah lebih tertata dengan adanya jabatan user dari Admin, Moderator hingga ke User biasa. Bahkan User biasa pun punya Pangkatnya sendiri-sendiri sesuai banyaknya Post yang dia punya. Selain memiliki Email anda harus dafrar Akun untuk dapat mengakses forum online
Cth: Kaskus
Jadi Kesimpulannya perbedaan mailing list
dengan forum diskusi adalah pada sarana yang digunakan. Forum diskusi
menggunakan sarana web sedang kan mailing list menggunakan sarana e-mail.
